‘哈伯’南天竹组织培养和快速繁殖

为建立‘哈伯’南天竹组织培养和种苗繁育技术体系,以半木质化带芽茎段为外植体材料开展植株再生研究。通过观察对比试验法、L₉(3⁴)正交试验设计完全随机法、极差分析、显著性检验、LSD多重比较,探讨了‘哈伯’南天竹组培的最适培养基配方。试验结果表明：最佳诱导培养基为MS + 6-BA 2.0 mg/L + IBA 0.1 mg/L +蔗糖30 g/L,诱导萌动率71.77%,成活率85.51%;最佳增殖培养基为WPM +6-BA 1.5 mg/L + IBA 0.01 mg/L + 蔗糖30 g/L,增殖系数6.3;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS+ IBA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 1.0 mg/L + 蔗糖20 g/L + AC 0.2 g/L,生根率97.63%;试管苗移入泥炭土:珍珠岩=3:2(V/V)混合基质中,移栽成活率96.67%。该试验建立了高效稳定的组培快繁技术体系,得到的组培苗后代能够稳定的保持母本优良性状,为工厂化育苗提供了技术支撑。     

Mouse melanoma cell exosomes promote expression of Rac1 protein in fibroblasts

AIM To investigate the effect of exosomes secreted by mouse melanoma cells on the expression of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) protein in fibroblasts. METHODS Ultracentrifugation was adopted to separete exosomes secreted by mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells. The morphological structure of exosomes was observed by negative-staining electron microscopy. The size distribution of exosomes was determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The exosomal markers, tumor susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101) and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (Tyrp2), were identified by Western blot. Laser confocal microscopy was used to observe the process that mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) took in exosomes during co-culture. Immunocytochemical staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression of Rac1 protein in MEF. RESULTS B16-F10 cell exosomes showed a typical tea tray-like structure, with a size range of 141~255 nm, and expressed protein markers Tsg101 and Tyrp2. The results of laser confocal microscopy showed that compared with co-culture at 0 h, a small number of exosomes appeared in the MEF at 12 h, and a large number of exosomes accumulated in the MEF after co-cultured for 24 and 36 h. Western blot analysis showed that compared with co-culture at 0 h, the expression of Rac1 protein in the MEF was significantly increased at 24 h and 36 h of co-culture (P<0.01). The results of immunocytochemical staining showed that compared with co-culture at 0 h, the positive expression level of Rac1 in the MEF cells was significantly increased at 12 h, 24 h and 36 h of co-culture (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION Intake of exosomes secreted by mouse melanoma cells promotes the expression of Rac1 protein in fibroblasts.     

不同环境因子对草履虫种群生长的影响

为了研究不同环境因子对草履虫种群生长的影响,培养出优质的草履虫,分别在pH梯度为:6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0,光照梯度为:0lx、500lx、1 000lx、1 500lx条件下培养草履虫,结果表明,小白菜培养液培养草履虫的最适pH值为7.0,并且相比于弱酸性环境,草履虫更适宜在弱碱性环境中生长。在光照为0lx条件下,草履虫数量在第4天时达到最大值4 073ind/100mL,在光照为500~1 500lx条件下,随着光照度的增加,草履虫的种群数量也随之增加。     

流沙湾海域勒氏枝鳔石首鱼生物学性状的初步研究

在2013年1—12月渔业资源调查数据的基础上,研究了流沙湾海域勒氏枝鳔石首鱼的体长分布、体长-体质量的关系、肥满度月变化、饵料组成、摄食强度和营养级等生物学特性。结果表明:流沙湾海域枝鳔石首鱼体长82~145 mm,优势体长组为116~125 mm和106~115 mm;体长(L)-体质量(W)关系方程为:W=0.0242L~(2.9564)(R~2=0.9471);肥满度最大值出现在2月份,最小值出现在7月;枝鳔石首鱼的饵料组成以甲壳类为主要类群。枝鳔石首鱼的空胃率随季节变化显著(P0.05),在冬季最大,春季达到最小,饱满度指数在秋季最高,冬季最低;营养级变化范围在2.69~3.11,平均营养级为2.94。     

河北省山区降雨侵蚀力的时空变化特征

[目的] 探究河北省山区降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征，为该区水土流失治理措施的制定和实施提供科学依据。[方法] 应用时间变化分析和空间分布分析对河北省山区2000-2018年降雨侵蚀力进行分析。[结果] 时间趋势中燕山山区年降雨侵蚀力呈波动上升趋势，主周期为11 a，在2009年发生突变，春、秋两季呈波动下降趋势，主周期分别为8和11 a，春季无突变点，秋季在2001年发生突变，夏季呈波动波动上升趋势，9 a为主周期，在2010年发生突变；太行山区年降雨侵蚀力呈波动下降趋势，主周期为6 a，无突变点，夏、秋两季呈波动上升趋势，主周期分别为8和10 a，均无突变点，春季呈波动下降趋势，主周期为8 a，在2006年发生突变；空间分布中，年均降雨侵蚀力范围为1 063.39~5 127.44 MJ·mm/（hm²·h），燕山山区由西到东年及夏季平均降雨侵蚀力先增长后降低再增长，太行山区中由南向北年、夏季平均降雨侵蚀力逐渐降低，春、秋两季降雨侵蚀力分布规律较为多变。[结论] 通过对河北省山区降雨侵蚀力的分析，得出河北省山区夏季水土流失最为严重，燕山山区部分地区尤为突出。     

土壤不同形态碳氮含量和酶活性对培养时间及外源碳投入的响应

在绿色农业科技的推动下,有机物料资源化利用备受青睐,但有机物料种类不同对土壤肥力的提升效果不同,为探究有机物料施用对潮土不同形态碳氮含量及酶活性的动态影响,通过为期1年的培养试验,设置添加10 g/kg的秸秆菌渣(S)、树枝菌渣(B)、小麦秸秆(W)、黑麦草秸秆(R)和蚕豆秸秆(BB),并以空白处理作为对照(CK)。结果表明:与CK相比,有机物料施用显著增加土壤不同形态碳氮含量及酶活性,随培养时间的延长,有机碳及全氮含量呈增加的趋势,增幅分别为25.4%～42.9%和35%～60%,易氧化有机碳和碱解氮含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,最大值分别为2.80,43.26 mg/kg,水溶性有机碳、微生物量碳氮和酶活性则呈下降的趋势,最大值分别为346 mg/kg,293μg/g和23.08μg/g。有机物料施用会增加土壤酶活性提高土壤呼吸速率,通过对3个取样期7种水解酶的分析发现,酶活性表现为:LAPPHOSNAGBGCBAGXYL,即参与氮循环酶活性参与磷循环酶活性参与碳循环酶活性,绿肥秸秆主要增加氮循环酶活性,且以BB处理酶活性最高,菌菇渣主要增加碳循环酶活性,B处理酶活性高于S处理。有机物料施用会影响土壤酶活性,增加不同形态碳氮含量,但增幅因有机物料种类不同而有所差异,且碳氮组分对培养时间的响应不一。总体而言,小麦秸秆和蚕豆秸秆腐殖化系数最高,对不同组分碳氮含量增加效果最优。     

有机培肥与耕作方式对稻麦轮作土壤团聚体和有机碳组分的影响

为了明确不同外源有机物和耕作方式对土壤地力培育的影响,以水稻-小麦轮作系统为对象,通过2个年度(2016—2018年)大田试验研究了外源有机物(秸秆和有机肥)和耕作方式及其交互作用[稻麦秸秆还田配合旋耕(SR),稻麦秸秆还田配合翻耕(SP),秸秆不还田、增施有机肥配合旋耕(MR),秸秆不还田、增施有机肥配合翻耕(MP),秸秆不还田、不施用有机肥、旋耕深度15 cm(CKR)]对土壤团聚体和有机碳组成的短期影响。结果表明:SR处理能够降低水稻季土壤容重并增加总孔隙度。相比CKR,小麦季SR处理显著增加0.05mm水稳性团聚体含量,增加量为7.2%。此外,外源有机物和耕作对土壤有机碳活性组分具有显著影响。其中,易氧化有机碳(EOC)主要受耕作与有机物交互作用影响,酸水解有机碳(LPIc和LPII_c)主要受耕作措施的影响, SR处理的土壤EOC和LPI_c含量比CKR提高0.3～2.6 g·kg~(-1)。颗粒有机碳(POC)主要受外源有机物的影响,并且秸秆还田处理POC平均含量高于增施有机肥处理,增加量为0.75g·kg~(-1)。短期内,外源有机物和耕作及其交互作用对稳定性有机碳(黑碳和矿物结合态有机碳)的影响较小。综上,秸秆还田配合旋耕有助于提高土壤水稳性团聚体和活性有机碳的含量(EOC、LPI_c和POC)。     

纳他霉素处理对火龙果贮藏品质的影响

研究不同浓度的纳他霉素对火龙果采后贮藏保鲜效果的影响。以火龙果为试验材料,研究不同浓度(0、400、800、1200 mg/L)纳他霉素对火龙果贮藏期生理、营养指标及果实表面微生物菌落情况的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,不同浓度的纳他霉素处理均可显著降低火龙果呼吸强度,抑制腐烂指数、鳞片黄化率、质量损失率、丙二醛含量的增加,延缓鳞片叶绿素、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C含量的降低,提高果实SOD、POD、CAT等抗氧化相关酶活性,在贮藏末期时仍能保持较低的细菌菌落总数、酵母菌和霉菌总数。综合认为,纳他霉素处理可以明显延缓火龙果果实衰老,有效保持果实的贮藏品质,其中以800 mg/L纳他霉素处理效果最佳。     

Effect of Dietary N‐acyl Homoserin Lactonase on the Immune Response and the Gut Microbiota of Zebrafish,Danio rerio,Infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

Quorum sensing interference is a novel strategy in bacterial disease control. Degradation of quorum sensing signal molecules, such as N‐acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), by enzymes is a potential interfering method. In this study, the in vivo effect of an N‐acyl homoserine lactonase from Bacillus sp. B546, AiiA_B546, on the protection of zebrafish, Danio rerio, against Aeromonas hydrophila infection was first investigated by co‐feeding. The short‐term immune responses and the long‐term effects on the gut microbiota of zebrafish were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), respectively. The results showed that the expression levels of some anti‐infectious immunity‐related factors, including interleukin 10 (IL‐10), toll‐like receptor 5b (TLR5b), and inducible nitric oxide synthase 2a (iNOS2a) that were related to A. hydrophila virulent factors under regulation of quorum sensing, were more susceptible to the addition of AiiA_B546. It indicated that AiiA_B546 may attenuate the infection of A. hydrophila by interfering with quorum sensing. A. hydrophila was not detected in the enzyme co‐feeding diet group, which might be due to its inability to adhere to the gut with enzyme interference. This study revealed that AiiA_B546 as a feed additive might represent a novel biocontrol agent in aquaculture; however, the topic merits further investigations using fish species of commercial interest.     

泽泻和慈姑叶片对低温胁迫的响应

以泽泻和慈姑叶片为试验材料,研究其在0、-10、-15、-20℃低温胁迫下叶片中可溶性糖(WSC)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及相对电导率等5个生理生化指标的变化。结果表明,在0℃时2个植物的POD和CAT活性显著增加,之后随温度的降低而下降,在-20℃无活性。随着温度的降低,叶片相对电导率、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量均有所增加,但增加幅度不同,综合5项指标分析得出,慈姑的抗寒性强于泽泻。